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The therapist functions under the assumption that the client knows themselves best thus, viable solutions can only come from them.ĭirection from the therapist may reinforce the notion that solutions to one's struggles lie externally. The therapist attempts to increase the client's self-understanding by reflecting and carefully clarifying questions without offering advice. The role of the counselor is to provide a nonjudgmental environment conducive to honest self-exploration. Person-centered therapy operates on the humanistic belief that the client is inherently driven toward and has the capacity for growth and self-actualization it relies on this force for therapeutic change. This incongruence leads to feelings of vulnerability and anxiety. Rogers postulated that a state of incongruence might exist within the client, meaning there is a discrepancy between the client's self-image and the reality of their experience. According to Rogers, negative self-perceptions can prevent one from realizing self-actualization. In this state, one is able to manifest their full potential. In the 1960s, person-centered therapy became closely tied to the Human Potential Movement, which believed that all individuals have a natural drive toward self-actualization. Rogers' method emphasizes reflective listening, empathy, and acceptance in therapy rather than the interpretation of behaviors or unconscious drives. His ideas were considered radical they diverged from the dominant behavioral and psychoanalytic theories at the time.
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Person-centered therapy, also referred to as non-directive, client-centered, or Rogerian therapy, was pioneered by Carl Rogers in the early 1940s.